This is a compilation from wikipedia with additions from Robert Massie's Peter the Great
1322 Dmitriy the Terrible Eyes He's not important at all, but I thought his name was cool.
1322 Dmitriy the Terrible Eyes He's not important at all, but I thought his name was cool.
1462-1505: Ivan III, the Great. Again, he's not important, but I include him to point out that "the Terrible", literally grosnyi meaning awesome is not the same as "the Great."
1533-1584: Ivan IV, the Terrible (groznyi), grandson of Ivan III; Ivan IV was the first tsar, crowned in 1547. His biography is not for the faint of heart. He had 3 sons. The first he killed in a fit of rage, the third, Dimitriy was killed in exile, and the second, who was mentally retarded, became the tsar after Ivan's death but died without fathering children.
1533-1584: Ivan IV, the Terrible (groznyi), grandson of Ivan III; Ivan IV was the first tsar, crowned in 1547. His biography is not for the faint of heart. He had 3 sons. The first he killed in a fit of rage, the third, Dimitriy was killed in exile, and the second, who was mentally retarded, became the tsar after Ivan's death but died without fathering children.
1604-1613: Two False Dimitriys, both impersonating the real Dimitriy who had died in exile, seized power and ruled for a couple of years before they were killed.
1613 Michael Romanov, a grandson of Ivan the Terrible's brother-in-law, was elected the tsar of Russia. The Romonov family stayed in power until the revolution in 1917.
1645-1682 His son, Alexis I, was crowned Tsar.
1682 Alexis died, and his son Feodor become tsar. When he died after only ruling a couple of months, his younger half-brother Peter was declared tsar. Feodor's sister Sophia persuaded the Streltsy regiments to seize power, forcing Peter to share the power with his invalid half brother Ivan, with Sophia as regent wielding the real power.
1689 The Streltsy attempted to overthrow the throne and declare Sopia tsarina, but the Streltsy defected in favor of Peter who had taken refuge at a nearby Troitskaya Monastery. Sophia was forced into the Novodevichy Convent, and Peter began to take leadership at this point.
1796 Ivan died, and Peter the Great became sole ruler in name as well as action.
1713 Peter began to build St. Petersburg in the middle of his war with Swedish on land that he had seized from Sweden but held only precariously. The war ended in 1721, and he was granted the land from Estonia, Livonia, and Ingria.
1715 Peter's son Alexis from his first marriage was promised that he wouldn't be harmed if he returned to Moscow. Instead he was tried for treason and died after being tortured.
1725 Peter died. His second wife Catherine was declared tsarina. She was a peasant of German origin.
1727 Catherine died. Eleven year old Peter II, the grandson of Peter I and son of Alexei, was declared tsar.
1730 Peter II died of smallpox. The Supreme Privy Council offered the throne to Peter's daughter Anna when she promised to let them retain major powers and that she would never marry or appoint an heir. Within 3 months, she tore up the contract and dissolved the Privy Council.
1740 Anna died, leaving the throne to her adopted infant son Ivan VI , setting as regent her lover, Ernst Johann von Biron. Within three weeks Biron was arrested, and Ivan's biological mother replaced him as regent.
1741: Elizabeth, the youngest daughter of Peter the Great, with the help of the army overthrew this regency and installed herself as empress.
1761: The miracle of the House of Brandenburg Interesting historical connection to WWII. When Elizabeth died, her nephew Peter III became tsar.
1762: Peter was overthrown by the Imperial Guard and replaced by his wife, Catherine II, The Great, who was a minor German princess before her marriage.
1774: Pugachev's Rebellion, a peasant uprising.
1796: When Catherine died of a stroke, her son Paul I became tsar.
1801: Paul was murdered, and his son Alexander I, who was probably involved in the conspiracy to murder his father, became tsar. Alexander was raised by his grandmother Catherine II and prepped for being a tsar at an early age. Alexander talked about reform, particularly freeing the serfs, but he did little to make this talk reality. He was believed to be buried at the Peter and Paul Fortress, but his tomb was later found to be empty.
1799-1837: Alexander Pushkin, was considered to be the most famous Russian poet and the founder of modern Russian literature.
1809-1852: Nicolai Gogol wrote the novel Dead Souls (1842), the play The Inspector-General (1836, 1842), and the short stories The Nose (1835) and The Overcoat (1842).
1821-1881: Fyodor Dostoevski's most famous works include Crime and Punishment and The Brothers Karamazov.
1828 - 1910: Leo Tolstoy's most famous works are War and Peace and Anna Karenina.
1825: Alexander's younger brother, Nicholas I ascended to the throne after Alexander died of typus and his older brother, Constantine, abdicated.
1855: Alexander II, became tsar when his father died.
1860-1904: Anton Chekhov was known for his short stories and plays.
1861: Serfs are freed.
1881 Alexander II was assassinated when nihilists threw a bomb under his carriage. His son, Alexander III, became the next tsar.
1882-1885 Pogroms against the Jews begin. Fiddler on the Roof is set in this era.
1905: Russian Revolution of 1905 A strike began at a factory in St. Petersburg in January. The first soviet or worker's union was formed in the middle of this strike.
Bloody Sunday (1905): A priest leading a group of peaceful demonstrators to the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg was shot. The Imperial Guard then fired into the crowd killing about 200 people and wounding an additional 800 people.
1916: Grigori Rasputin, mystic advisor to both the tsar and the tsarina, was murdered by a group of nobles.
1917: WWI broke out, Alexander III abdicated the throne, and the provisional government formed by members of the 4th Duma (legislative assembly) took control. Alexander attempted to pass the torch to his brother who wisely refused it. The Soviets captured the Winter Palace, ending the power of the provisional government in a coup known as the October Revolution. The moderate socialists walked out of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets to protest this revolution leaving Vladimir Lenin (1870-1924) and the Bolsheviks running the country. By the end of the year, a civil war broke out between the Marxists, the Red Army, and the rest of the country, indeed much of the rest of the world, as a hodge podge known as the White Army.
1924: St. Petersburg was renamed Leningrad, a name it kept until the collapse of the Soviet empire in 1991.
1925: Josef Stalin (1878-1953) "The man of steel" took control.
1928: First Five Year Plan
1929: First Gulag
1932: Forced collectivization . To prevent this collectivization peasants killed their livestock, leading to widespread starvation the next few years.
1939: WWII began.
1941 Nazi invasion of Moscow, code name Operation Barbarossa
1953: Nikita Khrushchev (1894-1971) became leader after Stalin died.
Uprising of 1953 in East Germany: Soviet troops fired on the protesters which ended the uprising quickly.
1956: 1956 Hungarian Revolution: A similar but larger protest in Budapest which ended when about 2,500 Hungarians were killed. This is the same year that Fidel Castro landed in Cuba.
1958 Pasternak wrote Dr. Zhivago
1962: Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn had been placed in the Gulag in 1945 for "anti-Soviet propaganda": He wrote a derogatory comment about Stalin in a letter to a friend for which he was sentenced to 8 years in a prison camp and the rest of his life in internal exile. Out of his experience in the Gulag, he wrote multiple books including One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich (1962). Up to this point the Soviet leaders had officially denied the Gulag.
1964 Leonid Brezhnev took over the leadership when Kruschchev was deposed.
1980 The trade union Solidarity was founded in Poland.
1982: When Brezhnev died of a heart attack, Yuri Andropov took over as General Secretary. Andropov died two years later and was replaced by Konstantin Chernenko who died a year later.
1985: Mikhail Gorbachev was voted in to replace Chernenko.
1989-1990: Multiple countries including East Germany, Czechlovakia, and Hungary removed themselves from the USSR in non-violent rebellions with names such as the Velvet Revolution and the Singing Revolution. The Berlin wall separating East and West Germany fell in 1989 leading to German unification in 1990.
1991: Boris Yeltsin was elected as president. At the end of the year, the Soviet Union was officially dissolved.
1999: Vladimir Putin replaced Yeltsin as President of the Russian Federation.
2002: Moscow theater hostage crisis: Chechen rebels seized about 700 people hostage at the House of Culture theater in Moscow, demanding an immediate Russian withdrawal from Chechnya. This theater is about a mile from my brother's former apartment.
2008 Dmitry Medvedev is now President.
1741: Elizabeth, the youngest daughter of Peter the Great, with the help of the army overthrew this regency and installed herself as empress.
1761: The miracle of the House of Brandenburg Interesting historical connection to WWII. When Elizabeth died, her nephew Peter III became tsar.
1762: Peter was overthrown by the Imperial Guard and replaced by his wife, Catherine II, The Great, who was a minor German princess before her marriage.
1774: Pugachev's Rebellion, a peasant uprising.
1796: When Catherine died of a stroke, her son Paul I became tsar.
1801: Paul was murdered, and his son Alexander I, who was probably involved in the conspiracy to murder his father, became tsar. Alexander was raised by his grandmother Catherine II and prepped for being a tsar at an early age. Alexander talked about reform, particularly freeing the serfs, but he did little to make this talk reality. He was believed to be buried at the Peter and Paul Fortress, but his tomb was later found to be empty.
1799-1837: Alexander Pushkin, was considered to be the most famous Russian poet and the founder of modern Russian literature.
1809-1852: Nicolai Gogol wrote the novel Dead Souls (1842), the play The Inspector-General (1836, 1842), and the short stories The Nose (1835) and The Overcoat (1842).
1821-1881: Fyodor Dostoevski's most famous works include Crime and Punishment and The Brothers Karamazov.
1828 - 1910: Leo Tolstoy's most famous works are War and Peace and Anna Karenina.
1825: Alexander's younger brother, Nicholas I ascended to the throne after Alexander died of typus and his older brother, Constantine, abdicated.
1855: Alexander II, became tsar when his father died.
1860-1904: Anton Chekhov was known for his short stories and plays.
1861: Serfs are freed.
1881 Alexander II was assassinated when nihilists threw a bomb under his carriage. His son, Alexander III, became the next tsar.
1882-1885 Pogroms against the Jews begin. Fiddler on the Roof is set in this era.
1905: Russian Revolution of 1905 A strike began at a factory in St. Petersburg in January. The first soviet or worker's union was formed in the middle of this strike.
Bloody Sunday (1905): A priest leading a group of peaceful demonstrators to the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg was shot. The Imperial Guard then fired into the crowd killing about 200 people and wounding an additional 800 people.
1916: Grigori Rasputin, mystic advisor to both the tsar and the tsarina, was murdered by a group of nobles.
1917: WWI broke out, Alexander III abdicated the throne, and the provisional government formed by members of the 4th Duma (legislative assembly) took control. Alexander attempted to pass the torch to his brother who wisely refused it. The Soviets captured the Winter Palace, ending the power of the provisional government in a coup known as the October Revolution. The moderate socialists walked out of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets to protest this revolution leaving Vladimir Lenin (1870-1924) and the Bolsheviks running the country. By the end of the year, a civil war broke out between the Marxists, the Red Army, and the rest of the country, indeed much of the rest of the world, as a hodge podge known as the White Army.
1924: St. Petersburg was renamed Leningrad, a name it kept until the collapse of the Soviet empire in 1991.
1925: Josef Stalin (1878-1953) "The man of steel" took control.
1928: First Five Year Plan
1929: First Gulag
1932: Forced collectivization . To prevent this collectivization peasants killed their livestock, leading to widespread starvation the next few years.
1939: WWII began.
1941 Nazi invasion of Moscow, code name Operation Barbarossa
1953: Nikita Khrushchev (1894-1971) became leader after Stalin died.
Uprising of 1953 in East Germany: Soviet troops fired on the protesters which ended the uprising quickly.
1956: 1956 Hungarian Revolution: A similar but larger protest in Budapest which ended when about 2,500 Hungarians were killed. This is the same year that Fidel Castro landed in Cuba.
1958 Pasternak wrote Dr. Zhivago
1962: Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn had been placed in the Gulag in 1945 for "anti-Soviet propaganda": He wrote a derogatory comment about Stalin in a letter to a friend for which he was sentenced to 8 years in a prison camp and the rest of his life in internal exile. Out of his experience in the Gulag, he wrote multiple books including One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich (1962). Up to this point the Soviet leaders had officially denied the Gulag.
1964 Leonid Brezhnev took over the leadership when Kruschchev was deposed.
1980 The trade union Solidarity was founded in Poland.
1982: When Brezhnev died of a heart attack, Yuri Andropov took over as General Secretary. Andropov died two years later and was replaced by Konstantin Chernenko who died a year later.
1985: Mikhail Gorbachev was voted in to replace Chernenko.
1989-1990: Multiple countries including East Germany, Czechlovakia, and Hungary removed themselves from the USSR in non-violent rebellions with names such as the Velvet Revolution and the Singing Revolution. The Berlin wall separating East and West Germany fell in 1989 leading to German unification in 1990.
1991: Boris Yeltsin was elected as president. At the end of the year, the Soviet Union was officially dissolved.
1999: Vladimir Putin replaced Yeltsin as President of the Russian Federation.
2002: Moscow theater hostage crisis: Chechen rebels seized about 700 people hostage at the House of Culture theater in Moscow, demanding an immediate Russian withdrawal from Chechnya. This theater is about a mile from my brother's former apartment.
2008 Dmitry Medvedev is now President.
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